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Today, title companies offer title insurance to secure such documents. Because the ownership in land is a very specific thing, requiring precise and proper transfers of ownership, it used to be that people always required a certified abstract be provided with a deed to ensure the deed was not merely a color of title fiction.
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The actual title remains with the land patent and lawful deeds show the chain of title to the present landowner. Thus, the chain of title from the land patent to the present may include many deeds. When that land is subsequently conveyed to another owner by a deed, the deed colors the title to show the new owner. The courts have ruled that deeds are mere color of title the actual title to land is secured with an irrefutable instrument, like a land patent. Color of title may arise if there is evidence, such as a writing, suggesting valid legal title. "Color of title", in property law, refers to a claim to title that appears valid but may be legally defective. An affirmative act or omission, committed under color of office, is sometimes required to prove malfeasance in office. "Color of office" refers to an act usually committed by a public official under the appearance of authority but exceeds such authority. The death penalty is applicable in extreme cases when the crimes cause the death of the individual being deprived of constitutional rights. When two or more persons conspire to prevent the exercise of constitutional rights, or to punish an individual for having exercised them, it is deemed a conspiracy against rights (18 U.S.C. territory or possession to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured or protected by the Constitution or laws of the United States, or to different punishments, pains, or penalties, on account of such person being an alien, or by reason of his color, or race, than are prescribed for the punishment of citizens (18 U.S.C. The deprivation of rights under color of law is a federal criminal offense which occurs when any person, under color of any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, or custom, willfully subjects any person on any U.S. Deprivation of rights under color of law Color of law may include public officials and non-governmental employees who are not law enforcement officers such as judges, prosecutors, and private security guards. Off-duty conduct may also be covered if official status is asserted in some manner. Criminal acts under color of law include acts within and beyond the bounds or limits of lawful authority. Under "color of law," it is a crime for one or more persons using power given by a governmental agency (local, state or federal), to deprive or conspire wilfully to deprive another person of any right protected by the Constitution or laws of the United States. The US Supreme Court has interpreted the US Constitution to construct laws regulating the actions of the law enforcement community. When police are suspected of acting outside their lawful authority and violating the civil rights of a citizen, the FBI is tasked with investigating. In other words, just because something is done with the "color of law" does not mean that the action was lawful.
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For example, if a police officer acts with the "color of law" authority to arrest someone, the arrest, if it is made without probable cause, may actually be in violation of law.